Sunday, March 25, 2007

Charles Darwin

Unlike any other epochal work of science, On the Origin of Species was written for a mass audience. Instead of being acquired only by elite intellectuals and libraries, it was bought by popular-science readers within the Victorian bourgeoisie. Among rare books, this makes the Origin a further rarity: the people’s scientific blockbuster, if you will --Peter Dizikes, Digging for Darwin, The New York Times, May 15, 2009


On the recommended works by this author:

in a funny way we remember them most because of what they wrote. If you think about it, if Darwin had not written a book like The Origin of Species, and The Descent of Man, which are masterpieces of English prose, and of reasoning, he would be part of the history of science, not part of the living consciousness of contemporary people. And similarly, we remember Lincoln for his words—for the speeches that he made. Had he been the same man, doing the same things, but an awkward or ineloquent speaker, he would not register in our heads in anything like the same way. --Adam Gopnik The Evolution of Darwin and Lincoln, interview in The Daily Beast, February 3, 2009, on his book Angels and Ages

It is often said that Darwin cannot be held accountable for these excesses, but their seeds are obvious in his works, most notably The Descent of Man (1871), in which he finally explained what his evolutionary theory meant for humankind. The book echoes the concerns of Galton and others about overbreeding in "the reckless, degraded and often vicious members of society", such as the "squalid, unaspiring Irishman" who "multiplies like rabbits". There is a clear natural order of class, rank and race and only Darwin's insistence on a moral duty to help the weak partly redeems him. --Philip Ball, On the evolution of Darwin, The Observer, January 25, 2009, review of Darwin's Sacred Cause: Race, Slavery and the Quest for Human Origins, by Adrian Desmond (via Arts & Letters Daily)

The corollary to this is the idea that with appropriate education, indoctrination, social conditioning or what have you, people can be made to behave in almost any way imaginable. The evidence, however, is that they cannot. The room for shaping their behaviour is actually quite limited. Unless that is realised, and the underlying biology of the behaviour to be shaped is properly understood, attempts to manipulate it are likely to fail. Unfortunately, even as the 150th anniversary of Darwin’s masterwork, On The Origin of Species, approaches (it was published in 1859) that fact has not been properly accepted. --The Economist, Why we are, as we are , December 18, 2008

Evolution myths by Jim Endersby, review of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species (Variorum Text), edited by Morse Peckham, and The Correspondence of Charles Darwin Volume 14: 1866, edited by Frederick Burkhardt and Duncan Porter, The Times (London), March 14, 2007
(via Arts & Letters Daily)

Darwin's voyage commemorated, by Maev Kenned, Guardian, December 2, 2002

The origin of The Origin of Species: Janet Browne carves out a unique place in the history of science for Charles Darwin in the second volume of her magisterial biography of the great naturalist, by Robin McKie, Observer, November 10, 2002

Data Guy, review by Andrew Berry of Almost like a Whale: 'The Origin of Species' Updated by Steve Jones, London Review of Books, February 3, 2000

Darwin's Descent of Man, review by Orestes A. Brownson, Brownson’s Quarterly Review, July, 1873


On this author:

Not only was Darwin correct on the central premises of his theory, but in several other still open issues his views also seem quite likely to prevail. His idea of how new species form was long eclipsed by Ernst Mayr’s view that a reproductive barrier like a mountain forces a species to split. But a number of biologists are now returning to Darwin’s idea that speciation occurs most often through competition in open spaces... --Nicholas Sage, Darwin, Ahead of His Time, Is Still Influential, The New York Times, February 9, 2009

In the flashcard version of history, Darwin is the bewhiskered Victorian guy who said everybody evolved from monkeys and stole the credit for creation from God. Lincoln is the stoic symbol of American righteousness that wrote tablet-ready speeches and freed the slaves, only to be shot and killed by a crazed Shakespearean actor. --Geoff Pevere, Lincoln and Darwin: Separated at birth? Toronto Star, February 1, 2009, review of Angels and Ages: A Short Book about Darwin, Lincoln, and Modern Life, by Adam Gopnik (via Arts & Letters Daily)

But what if Darwin’s evidence had led to conclusions that did not support his belief in the unitary origins of mankind? Would he have fudged the data? ... One is left with the impression that Darwin was amazingly lucky that his benevolent preconceptions turned out to fit the facts. --Christopher Benfry, Charles Darwin, Abolitionist, The New York Times, January 29, 2009, review of Darwin's Sacred Cause: How a Hatred of Slavery Shaped Darwin’s Views on Human Evolution, by Adrian Desmond and James Moore, and Angels and Ages: A Short Book About Darwin, Lincoln, and Modern Life, by Adam Gopnik

Evolution thus removed the need for divine explanations of diversity and, along with evidence emerging at that time of the extreme age of the Earth, it further suggested that the wider universe might also owe nothing to divine intervention and everything to natural laws. Darwin understood all of this and was greatly troubled. --The Economist, Unfinished business: Charles Darwin’s ideas have spread widely, but his revolution is not yet complete, February 5, 2009

He was a compulsively inquisitive child. He was also fearful. In part, he feared himself and his roving intellect. His inability to believe in the Christian god put him at odds with his beloved wife, Emma, and made him feel as if he lived set apart in some cold, far galaxy of the mind. --The Economist, A life in poems, February 5, 2009, review of Darwin: A Life in Poems, by Ruth Padel

Both were born on Feb. 12, 1809. A writer, William Thayer, later proposed an international holiday to commemorate the heroes, respectively, of Justice and Truth. --Richard Eder, Angels and Ages, Los Angeles Times, February 1, 2009, review of Angels and Ages: A Short Book About Darwin, Lincoln, and Modern Life, by Adam Gopnik (via Arts & Letters Daily)


Contrary to the first myth, natural selection is a description of a process, not a force. No one is “selecting” organisms for survival in the benign sense of pigeon breeders selecting for desirable traits in show breeds or for extinction in the malignant sense of Nazis selecting prisoners at death camps. Natural selection is nonprescient—it cannot look forward to anticipate what changes are going to be needed for survival. ...

Natural selection simply means that those individuals with variations better suited to their environment leave behind more offspring than individuals that are less well adapted. This outcome is known as “differential reproductive success.” It may be, as the second myth holds, that organisms that are bigger, stronger, faster and brutishly competitive will reproduce more successfully, but it is just as likely that organisms that are smaller, weaker, slower and socially cooperative will do so as well. --Michael Shermer , A Skeptic's Take on the Public Misunderstanding of Darwin, Scientific American, February, 2009 (via Arts & Letters Daily)


The Deistic Darwinians state their position thus: “We know of old that God was so wise that he could make all things; but behold he is so much wiser than even that, that he can make all things make themselves.” To which the atheists and the Biblical literalists reply: “Well, I just don’t see it.” --by Debby Applegate, Intellectual Selection, The New York Times, January 29, 2009, review of Banquet at Delmonico's: Great Minds, the Gilded Age, and the Triumph of Evolution in America, by Barry Werth

Social Darwinists grafted Darwin's basic ideas about biological evolution to human society and economy. To them, progress could only be made by eliminating imperfections from humanity, and this was best done by competition. That competition, neatly summarized by Herbert Spencer's term "survival of the fittest," was taken to mean the competition between individuals. --Charles Sullivan and Cameron Mcpherson Smith, Getting the Monkey off Darwin's Back: Four Common Myths About Evolution, Skeptical Inquirer magazine, May 2005

Richard Dawkins - Beware the Believers, by Random Slice, You Tube, March 28, 2008 (via Pertinacious Papist)

Darwinism at AEI, by Tom Bethell, American Spectator July/August 2007

Darwin's Ghost: Can Evolution & Christianity Be Reconciled? by Peter James Causton, Commonweal, October 6, 2006

Darwinist Conservatism, review by Benjamin Wiker of The Right Darwin? Evolution, Religion, and the Future of Democracy, by Carson Holloway, Crisis, June 2006

Darwin and Darwinism: reviews, Human Nature Review

Darwin's Blind Spot: Biotech Merger, review by Mark Ridley of Evolution Beyond Natural Selection, by Frank Ryan, The New York Times Book Review, March 23, 2003, and
Letter to The New York Times by Frank P. Ryan Re: Mark Ridley's review of Darwin's Blind Spot

Religion Red in Tooth and Claw, review by Ronald L. Numbers and Karen Steudel Numbers of Darwin's Cathedral: Evolution, Religion, and the Nature of Society, by David Sloan Wilson, American Scientist, March-April 2003

An early flowering of genetics by Richard Dawkins, Guardian, February 8, 2003

The Reality of Race by Sally Lehrman, Scientific American, February 2003

Darwin's web by A. S. Byatt, review of The Power of Place by Janet Browne, Guardian, January 4, 2003

Stick insect forces evolutionary rethink by Nicola Jones, New Scientist, January 15, 2003

The Origin of Religions, From a Distinctly Darwinian View: A conversation with David Sloan Wilson, by Natalie Angier, New York Times, December 24, 2002

New Thoughts on Evolution Arise from U.H. Yeast Study: Novel Method of Creating New Species Observed in Laboratory Yeast; University of Houston news release, December 2, 2002

Documentary Redraws Humans' Family Tree, by Hillary Mayell, National Geographic News, January 21, 2003

Creationist Museum Acquires 5,000-Year-Old T. Rex Skeleton, The Onion, January 15, 2003

Laying Bare Darwin’s Secrets, review by Keith Stewart Thomson of Charles Darwin: The Power of Place, by Janet Browne, American Scientist, January, 2003

How the Monkey Got His Tail, by William A. Dembski, Books & Culture, November/December 2002

Survival of the Slickest: How anti-evolutionists are mutating their message, by Chris Mooney, American Prospect, December 2, 2002

Sociobiology and You, by Steven Johnson, Nation, November 18, 2002

Putting Darwin in His Place by Richard Milner, Scientific American, September 16, 2002

The origin of Darwin's genius, by Anthony Daniels, Telegraph August 12, 2002

No Free Lunch: Why Specified Complexity Cannot Be Purchased without Intelligence by William A. Dembski, reviewed by H. Allen Orr, Boston Review, Summer 2002

Darwin and the Descent of Morality, by Benjamin Wiker, First Things, November 2001

Conservatives, Darwin & Design: An Exchange; Larry Arnhart, Michael J. Behe, William A. Dembski, First Things, November 2000

Singer in the Rain, review by Nancy Pearcey of A Darwinian Left: Politics, Evolution, and Cooperation, by Peter Singer, First Things, October 2000

Science and Design, by William A. Dembski, First Things, October 1998

The Gorbachev of Darwinism by Phillip E. Johnson, First Things, January 1998

The Monkey Trial: The first 'trial of the century' revealed a great divide separating American Christians, by David Goetz, Christian History, Summer 1997

Theories of Evolution: Address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, October 22, 1996, by John Paul II, First Things, March 1997

The Storyteller and the Scientist by Phillip E. Johnson, First Things, October 1996

Daniel Dennett’s dangerous idea, by Phillip E. Johnson, The New Criterion, October 1995

After Darwin, by John J. Reilly, First Things, June/July 1995

Domesticating Darwin, by Phillip E. Johnson, First Things, May 1993

Times Topics

Darwin Correspondence Project, Cambridge University

Conrad Martens Sketchbooks I and III, Cambridge University Library (via Milt's File)

The Talk.Origins Archive: Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy


On other works by this author:

All his life, Darwin had taken notes on the facial expression of emotions in both animals and humans; for cross-cultural data, he asked correspondents around the world to describe indigenous people showing happiness, anger, and other basic emotions, and to ask the subjects what feeling was being expressed. From this research, he concluded that the expression of emotions was identical in primates, and must have a biological basis apart from culture and society. --Mark Czarnecki, The Other Darwin, review of The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), by Charles Darwin, The Walrus, September 2008

Darwin's doubts revealed in his letters to friends by Anthony Barnes, on the Darwin Correspondence Project, The Independent, April 8, 2007
(via Arts & Letters Daily)

How far down the dusky bosom? by Eric Korn, review of The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, by Charles Darwin, edited by Paul Ekman, London Review of Books, November 26, 1998

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